Ge
Germanium (Atomic Number 32)
Category: metalloid | Period 4, Group 14 | Block: p
Lustrous metalloid used in semiconductor electronics.
Atomic & Physical Constants
- Standard Atomic Weight:
- 72.6308 u
- Standard State Phase:
- Solid
- Electron Configuration:
- 2, 8, 18, 4
- Electronegativity (Pauling):
- 2.01
- Melting Point:
- 1211.4 K
- Boiling Point:
- 3106 K
Historical Discovery & Real-World Applications
Industrial & Scientific Uses
Fiber optics, infrared night-vision optics, solar cell substrates
Discovery History
Discovered by Clemens Winkler (1886).
Study Germanium with Socratic AI Tutor
Get step-by-step orbital hybridization, oxidation state derivations, and reaction practice questions.