Hf
Hafnium (Atomic Number 72)
Category: transition | Period 6, Group 4 | Block: d
High dielectric transition metal used in computer processor gates.
Atomic & Physical Constants
- Standard Atomic Weight:
- 178.492 u
- Standard State Phase:
- Solid
- Electron Configuration:
- 2, 8, 18, 32, 10, 2
- Electronegativity (Pauling):
- 1.3
- Melting Point:
- 2506 K
- Boiling Point:
- 4876 K
Historical Discovery & Real-World Applications
Industrial & Scientific Uses
Microprocessor high-k gate insulators, nuclear control rods
Discovery History
Discovered by Dirk Coster (1923).
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